• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The method for adjusting prestressed structures or components is characterized in that at least one tensile element (1), for example in the form of a flat shape memory alloy of polymorphic and polycrystalline structure, which by raising their temperature from their state as martensite their permanent state is brought as austenite, is placed on the building or component (2). This tension element (1) can also be guided around one or more corners (5). One or more end anchors (4) penetrate into the structure or component (2). Such a flat steel can wrap around a building or component (2) once or several times as a band, in which case the two ends of the flat steel are connected to each other by traction or, each separately, with one or more end anchors (4) in the structure or component (2) penetrate, be connected to the same, or intersect one or more times for a deadlock. The flat steel (1) contracts due to a subsequent active and controlled heat input with heating means and generates a permanent tensile stress and correspondingly a permanent bias on the building or the component (2). A so equipped structure or component is characterized in that it comprises at least one tension element (1) made of a shape memory alloy, which runs along the building or component outside and is connected to the same by means of end anchors (4). Alternatively, the structure or component (2) can also be completely enclosed by a tension element (1) in the form of a flat steel strip, wherein the two end regions are connected by traction, and the flat steel is permanently biased by heat input.
    公开号:CH710538A2
    申请号:CH01980/14
    申请日:2014-12-18
    公开日:2016-06-30
    发明作者:Leinenbach Christian；Motavalli Masoud；Weber Benedikt；Lee Wookjin；Brönnimann Rolf；Czaderski Christoph
    申请人:Re-Fer Ag；Empa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to a method for creating tensioned components in new designs (poured in situ on the site) or in the prefabrication and for the subsequent reinforcement of existing structures or more generally of any components. Tensile elements made of shape memory alloys, often referred to as "shape memory alloy profiles" or SMA profiles for short, are applied to the building for subsequent application of a voltage. With this additional clamping extensions can be attached to an existing structure under prestress. In addition, the invention also relates to a building or component that was created or subsequently reinforced using this method. to which attachments were docked by this method. As a special feature, shape memory alloys based on steel in the form of tension elements or tension rods are used for generating the prestressing.
    A prestressing of a structure generally increases its serviceability by reducing existing cracks, preventing cracking at all, or only occurring at higher loads. Such a bias is already today for reinforcement against the bending of concrete parts or for lashing, for example, supports to increase the axial load resp. used for shear reinforcement. Tesla's new battery factory "Gygafactory" in Nevada, USA is to become the largest factory in the world, with 1 million square meters <2> of fabrication area, two floors of 500,000 square meters each <2>. (Boeing's largest factory to date in Everett, Washington, USA, comprises a total of 400,000 m <2>). For the foundation of the "Gygafactory" concrete blocks of 20 mx 5 m are laid side by side. Each such concrete block will later carry one of hundreds of columns (Neue Zürcher Zeitung NZZ, no. 272 of 22.11.2014, page 35). The stability of such a concrete block would be greatly enhanced by the all-round looping with an SMA drawstring and much better protected against later cracking.
    Another application of the bias of components made of concrete or other building materials are pipes for liquid transport and silos resp. Tank container, which are tied to produce a bias voltage. For biasing in the prior art round steel or cable inserted into the concrete or the building material or subsequently fixed externally on the surface of the component on the tension side. The anchoring and force from the biasing element in the concrete is complex in all these known methods. The anchoring elements (anchor heads) involve high costs. For external prestressing, the prestressing steels resp. In addition, by means of a coating to protect against corrosion. This is necessary because conventionally used steels are not corrosion resistant. If the pretensioning cables are inserted into the concrete, they must be protected from corrosion with much effort by means of cement mortar, which is introduced by means of an injection into the cladding tubes. An external bias is also generated in the prior art with fiber composites which are adhered to the surface of concrete or to a building or component. In this case, the fire protection is often very expensive, since the adhesives have a low glass transition temperature.
    The corrosion protection is the reason that in traditional concrete a minimum overlap of steel inserts of about 3 cm must be maintained. As a result of environmental influences (namely CO2 and SO2 in the air) carbonation takes place in the concrete. Because of this carbonation, the basic environment in the concrete (pH 12) falls to a lower value, ie to a pH of 8 to 9. If the internal reinforcement is in this carbonated area, the corrosion protection of conventional steel is no longer guaranteed , The 3 cm overlap of the steel guarantees accordingly a corrosion resistance for the inner reinforcement over a lifetime of the building of approx. 70 years. Carbonation is much less critical when using the novel shape memory alloy because the novel shape memory alloy has significantly higher corrosion resistance compared to ordinary structural steel. As a result of the bias of a concrete part resp. Mortar cracks are closed and accordingly the penetration of pollutants is greatly reduced.
    The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for tempering new structures and components of all kinds for the reinforcement, either for the purpose of improving the serviceability or the state of fracture of the building or component, to ensure a more flexible use of the building for Subsequent cantilever attachments, or to increase the durability and fire resistance of the structure or component. It is a further object of the invention to provide a structure and a component having biases or gains generated using this method.
    The object is first of all solved by a method for creating prestressed structures or components made of concrete or other materials by means of tension elements made of a shape memory alloy, be it of new structures and components or for the reinforcement of existing structures and components, the characterized in that at least one tension element made of a shape memory alloy of polymorphic and polycrystalline structure, which can be brought by increasing its temperature from its state as martensite to its permanent state as austenite, placed on the building or component or applied to this running freely or this tension element is guided around at least one corner, wherein one or more end anchors penetrate into the structure or component, or else the tension element wraps around a structure or component once or several times as a band, in which case the two ends of the tension element are either traction-locked be connected to the other or separately with one or more end or intermediate anchors that penetrate into the structure or component, are connected to the same, or the pull element overlaps or crosses one or more times for a deadlock, and that the tension element due to a subsequent active and controlled heat input contracted with heating means and generates a permanent tensile stress and correspondingly generates a permanent bias and a residual tensile force to the breaking load of the tension element on the building or the component.
    The object is further achieved by a building or component, created by this method, which is characterized in that it comprises at least one tension element made of a shape memory alloy that runs along the building or component outside or on the building or component is designed to extend freely and is connected to the same by means of end anchors or additionally bonding, or the building or component is completely enclosed by the tension element as a band, the two end portions of the tension element are endverankert or zugkraftschlüssig connected, and the tension member is permanently biased by heat input.
    With the new development buildings can be subsequently effectively biased and accordingly also components such as Balkonauskragungen, Balkonbrüstungen, pipelines, etc. can be made thinner. The components are thereby lighter and more economical to use.
    The method is described and explained with reference to the drawings. There are applications for new construction resp. in the prefabrication as well as applications for the subsequent reinforcement of existing structures, no matter which building material, as well as special and concrete structures and other components described and explained.
    It shows:
    [0010]<Tb> FIG. 1: <SEP> A concrete beam or a concrete slab, cast on the construction site or in the prefabrication plant, with an applied, end-anchored tension element in the form of a SMA flat steel made of a shape memory alloy and possibly an additional bond;<Tb> FIG. 2: <SEP> a concrete component enclosed on three sides by a traction element in the form of a flat SMA flat steel;<Tb> FIG. 3: <SEP> A cylindrical member wrapped around a SMA flat steel to form overlapping portions;<Tb> FIG. 4: <SEP> A silo constricted with wrap-around tension elements in the form of SMA strip steel;<Tb> FIG. 5: <SEP> A timber construction construction with tension elements made of SMA profiles stretched over the cross to increase the stability of the construction;<Tb> FIG. 6: <SEP> A connection of two tensile elements which overlap with their end regions by means of clawing;<Tb> FIG. 7: <SEP> A variant of a clipping of end regions of an SMA flat steel with externally flush transition;<Tb> FIG. 8: <SEP> Another variant of a clawing of end areas of a SMA flat steel with an outer flush transition, additionally secured by means of crossing screw bolts;
    First, the nature of shape memory alloys [engl. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)]. These are alloys that have a specific structure that can be changed depending on the heat, but that returns to their initial state after heat dissipation. Like other metals and alloys, shape memory alloys (SMA) contain more than one crystal structure, so they are polymorphic and thus polycrystalline metals. The dominating crystal structure of shape memory alloys (SMA) depends on the one hand on their temperature, on the other hand on the externally acting tension - be it train or pressure. At high temperature it is an austenite, and at the low temperature it is a martensite. The special feature of these shape memory alloys (SMA) is that they resume their initial structure and shape after raising the temperature to the high temperature phase, even if they were previously deformed in the low temperature phase. This effect can be exploited to apply prestressing forces in building structures.
    When no heat is artificially introduced into or removed from the shape memory alloy (SMA), it is at ambient temperature. The shape memory alloys (SMA) are stable within a species-specific temperature range, ie their structure does not change within certain limits of mechanical stress. For applications in the construction industry in the outdoor area, the fluctuation range of the ambient temperature of -20 ° C to + 60 ° C is required. Within this temperature band, a shape memory alloy (SMA) used here should not change its structure. The transformation temperatures at which the structure of the shape memory alloy (SMA) changes may vary considerably depending on the composition of the shape memory alloy (SMA). The transformation temperatures are also load-dependent. With increasing mechanical stress of the shape memory alloy (SMA), their transformation temperatures also increase. If the shape memory alloy (SMA) is to remain stable within certain load limits, then great attention must be paid to these limits. When shape memory alloys (SMA) are used for structural reinforcement, the fatigue quality of the shape memory alloy (SMA), in addition to corrosion resistance and relaxation effects, must be taken into account, especially if the loads vary over time. A distinction is made between structural fatigue and functional fatigue. Structural fatigue involves the accumulation of microstructural defects as well as the formation and propagation of surface cracks until the material eventually breaks. Functional fatigue, on the other hand, is the result of the gradual degradation of either the shape memory effect or the damping capacity due to microstructural changes in the shape memory alloy (SMA). The latter is associated with the modification of the stress-strain curve under cyclic loading. The transformation temperatures are also changed.
    For the recording of permanent loads in the construction sector are memory alloys (SMA) based on iron Fe, manganese Mn and silicon Si, the addition of up to 10% chromium Cr and nickel Ni the SMA to a similar Corrosion behavior brings like stainless steel. It is found in the literature that the addition of carbon C, cobalt Co, copper Cu, nitrogen N, niobium Nb, niobium carbide NbC, vanadium nitrogen VN and zirconium carbide ZrC can improve the shape memory properties in various ways. Particularly good properties are exhibited by a shape memory alloy (SMA) made of Fe-Ni-Co-Ti, which absorbs fracture stresses of up to 1000 MPa, is highly resistant to corrosion, and whose upper temperature for conversion to the state of austenite is about 100-250 ° C is. The recovery stress in this alloy is usually 40-50% of the ultimate load.
    The present reinforcement system utilizes the properties of shape memory alloys (SMAs), and preferably those of a shape memory alloy (SMA) based on significantly more corrosion resistant steel compared to mild steel, because such shape memory alloys (SMAs) are essential are cheaper than about SMAs made of nickel-titanium (NiTi). The steel-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) are used in the form of preferably flat steel.
    In principle, a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy, short a SMA flat steel, applied to a building or a component and anchored with its end portions in the same by this method. If necessary, the flat steel is also inter-anchored if necessary. An additional bond makes sense for security reasons. Then the SMA flat steel is heated by supplying power. As a result of the heating of the adhesive is softened, but this is not a problem, since the adhesive cures on cooling again and can guarantee the safety in the final state. This leads to a contraction of the SMA flat steel and causes a corresponding bias on the building or component. The prestressing forces are introduced at the end areas of the SMA flat steel via end anchors in the structure or component.
    In the prefabrication of reinforced concrete components, such as balcony or façade panels or pipes to which the new SMA steel profiles are created and biased, there are further advantages. Thanks to the prestressing of these prefabricated concrete components, the cross sections of the component can be reduced. Since the component is formed free of cracks due to internal bias, is much more protection against chloride penetration, respectively. Carbonation before. This means that such components are not only lighter but much more resistant and accordingly more durable. The invention can also be used to better protect a building in case of fire, for which purpose the direct contraction of the SMA flat steel by heat input is initially deliberately omitted. In the event of a fire, however, the attached SMA flat steels contract due to the heat generated by the fire.
    A building envelope made of concrete, which was reinforced with SMA flat steel, thus automatically generates a bias in case of fire and thereby improve the fire resistance. In the event of fire, the building will be clasped all around and will collapse much later, if at all. Further applications:Connecting pipes, for example made of steel or cast iron.In the case of earthquake or wind protection in timber trusses, the tension elements are fastened diagonally at the corners (nailed or screwed) through the steel connectors.Different fixations: nailed or screwed on wood, screwed on steel or riveted, anchored on concrete or masonry mechanical.
    The core is therefore a method for producing prestressed concrete structures or components 4 as shown schematically in FIG. 1, by means of tension elements made of an SMA alloy, for example as shown here in the form of flat steels 1 from such a shape memory. Alloy, whether of new structures and components 2 or for the reinforcement of existing structures made of concrete, stones or other building materials. For this purpose, at least one flat steel 1 made of a shape-memory alloy of polymorphic and polycrystalline structure, which can be brought as austenite by increasing its temperature from its state as martensite to its permanent state, first placed on the building or component 2 or created. The laying on or applying can also be done around corners or completely enclose or wrap around a component. One or more end anchors 4 penetrate deep into the structure or component 2. If the flat steel 1 encloses a building or component 2 once or several times, then the two ends of the flat steel 1 can be connected to each other by traction or separately connected to one or more end anchors 4, which penetrate into the building or component 2 or cross one or more times for a deadlock. Of course, intermediate anchors 12 can also be used. The flat steel 1 is thereafter contracted by means of active and controlled heat input with heating means and generates a permanent tensile stress and correspondingly a permanent bias on the building or the component 2. As shown in Fig. 1, electrical connections 3 are provided so that the flat steel under a electrical voltage can be set, which induces a current flow through it. Due to the electrical resistance of the tie rod this is hot and he is thereby transferred to the permanently contracted austenite state. In addition, between the flat steel and the building or component, a suitable adhesive 18 may be introduced for additional bonding, for example on an epoxy or PU basis. In this case, tension element are used with at least on their side facing the bond rough surface, to improve the adhesive bond. Optionally, the end anchorage in the case of such bonding can also be used only for the generation of a biasing force and it can be designed a safety reserve, so that the initiation of the breaking load of the tension elements in the building or component solely by the hardened bond. On the other hand, in the case of the use of end anchors and an additional bond, the end anchors or any intermediate anchors can be removed after the contraction of the tension elements for reasons of space or aesthetic reasons. At most, the end anchorage can also be dimensioned such that it must withstand only the prestressing of the tension element as a result of the heating in addition to a reserve force. The additional bond due to the bonding offers additional security, as damage to the tension element greatly reduces the risk of explosive chipping. This is important for personal protection, especially when passersby can be close to the building, as is the rule in urban areas.
    In Fig. 2, an application is shown, in which a tension member 1 in the form of a flat steel is guided around two corners 5 of a cantilevered concrete slab 2. In the two end regions of the flat steel this is connected by means of several end anchors 4 fixed to the concrete slab 2. By heating by applying a voltage between the two ends of the tension element 1 and flat steel, this flat steel is permanently contracted and creates a permanent bias around this side of the concrete slab.
    This we stable and remains crack-free. The tension element 1 or the flat steel can be permanently anchored or in addition also inter-anchored, or it can also be introduced by means of a bond its tensile force on the building, or the force is applied via a combination of mechanical anchors and a bond.
    Fig. 3 shows an application in which a tension member 1 in the form of a SMA flat steel was wound around a component. Because the flat steel at one end of the cylindrical member, such as a column is first performed more than once as a band around the same and then wrapped along a helical line, the cylindrical member upwards as a tape and also at the top again several times wrapped the component overlapping, is hardly more a strong final anchoring more necessary. The contraction of the flat steel strip causes jamming at the two ends formed rings 10, and also over the entire wrapping by the contraction occurs a very strong constriction of the component, which stabilizes this substantially and protects against cracking. This wrap-around application can also be used to reinforce cement or other pipes.
    Fig. 4 shows an application to a large silo 11 of many meters in diameter as a liquid container, be it made of concrete or steel segments. Here, several tension elements 1 are looped at a certain distance from each other around the entire structure, frictionally connected with their overlapping end regions and then contracted by heat input, so that sets a firm and permanent prestressed lashing, which significantly enhances the structure.
    Fig. 5 shows an application to a timber construction. Wooden structures with vertical beams 15 and beams 16 supported thereon are widely used, with the beams 16 and beams 15 bolted or nailed together by means of special steel connector elements 14. The steel connector elements 14 are interconnected, as shown, with criss-crossing traction elements 1 in the form of SMA profiles, the end anchoring being by means of bolts passing through the steel connector elements and SMA profiles. The penetration is accomplished by pre-drilling the SMA profile and the steel connector element and then inserting a nail or a screw through these two elements into the wood. Then heat is entered and the SMA profiles contract and tighten the wood construction to previously unknown stability.
    The end anchors of the flat steel can be realized in many designs. FIGS. 6 to 9 show examples of this. FIG. 6 shows a variant in which the end regions 6 of the flat steel have a toothing in their surface area. Two flat steels 1 can be placed on top of each other so that their teeth intermesh, so that a clawing and thus a rich composite arises. This composite can be secured by means of tape wrapping or by means of a screw, but it can not solve as long as it is claimed to train. Instead of the connection of two flat steels, this compound can also be used when the two identically designed end portions of a single flat steel come to lie one above the other by enclosing a component. Fig. 7 shows an example where a connection is designed so that the two flat steels extend with lying in a plane upper and lower sides to each other, so a flush transition is generated. Here, helical gearing is realized in the end region 6 of the flat steel, which can also be secured by means of a screw connection or by a wrapping tape. Fig. 8 shows a connection in which the ends of the flat steel to be joined are formed in open hooks, in the example shown, the coming from the left flat steel has three such hooks 13, each with a recess between the hooks 13. In the so formed two recesses engage two identical hooks 13, in the example shown upwards instead of curved downwards extending at the ends of the flat steel coming from the right. After the telescoping of the hooks 13 of the two flat steels, a bolt 17 is pushed from the side into the interior of the hooks 13, which traverses the interior of the hooks 13 thereafter. So they are positively connected with each other. 9 shows a further connection in which the end regions 6 of the flat steels are formed into two equal-strength barbs, which come to lie positively in one another, wherein the connection can also be secured with a screw connection, as shown, by means of a connection two points at which each screw 8 or a bolt passes through the two flat steels and these are finally clamped together by means of a lock nut 9. When bolting is to be considered that the preload force is significantly smaller than the breaking load of the tension element, accordingly it takes over the length of the tension element lower steel cross-sections than in the anchoring.
    The connection of the end portions of the flat steels can thus be generally realized by the overlapping sides of the end portions 6, this form-fitting interlock and dig into each other. But they can also be connected to the overlap points merely by one or more screws 8 mechanically zugkraftschlüssig each other, wherein the penetrating screws 8 are clamped with a lock nut 9. Another way of anchoring is to loop at least one shape memory alloy strip steel 1 around a component 7 so that the band overlaps over a region whereupon voltage is applied between electrical contacts at the end regions of the band so that the flat steel 1 is heated due to its electrical resistance and transferred from its state as martensite to a permanent state as austenite. As a result, a permanent confinement of the component 7 is effected.
    Equipped with such SMA flat steel structure or component has in any case at least one tension element 1 in the form of a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy, which runs along the building or component outside and is connected to the same by means of end anchors 4. Alternatively, the structure or component 7 as shown in Fig. 3 or 4 may be completely enclosed or looped by one or more flat steel 1, wherein the two end portions of the flat steel 1 are connected by traction, and the flat steel or 1 are permanently biased by heat input. The wraps can also form overlapping areas so that the flat steel 1 causes a permanent constriction of the component 7 after heat input and contraction and the overlapping areas 10 produce a sufficient static friction force to obtain the constriction.
    In the case of heat input, the alloy contractually returns to its original state. Thus, when the SMA flat steels are heated to the temperature for being austenite, they assume their original shape and maintain it, even under load. The effect achieved with these shape memory alloys (SMA) is a preload on the structure or finished component, which preload extends evenly over the entire length of the shape memory alloy profile.
    For subsequent reinforcement of the SMA flat steel is placed in any direction, but mainly in the pulling direction on a concrete structure and anchored to the same end. Then the SMA flat steels are heated by electricity, which leads to the shortening of these SMA flat steels. The shortening causes a preload and the forces are introduced via the end anchors directly into that of the concrete structure or component, or in the case of wrappings even over the entire length of the steel profile.
    In the prefabrication of reinforced concrete components, such as balcony or façade panels or pipes on which the novel SMA flat steel are placed and prestressed, there are further advantages. Thanks to the prestressing of these prefabricated concrete components, the cross-sections of the component can be reduced. Since the component is formed free of cracks due to internal bias, is much more protection against chloride penetration, respectively. Carbonation before. This means that such components are not only lighter but much more resistant and accordingly more durable.
    The heating of the SMA flat steel 1 is advantageously carried out electrically by establishing a resistance heating by a voltage is applied to the applied heating cable 3, as shown in Fig. 1, so that the SMA flat steel or SMA flat steel strip 1 as a conductor heated. Because with long SMA flat steels or strips, heating by electric resistance heating would take too much time, and then too much heat would be introduced into the concrete, multiple power connections are established along the length of the SMA flat steel or strip. The SMA flat steel can then be heated in stages by applying a voltage to two adjacent heating cables, and then to the next two, which are adjacent, and so on, until the entire SMA flat steel is brought to the austenite condition short-term high voltages and currents needed, so that a normal mains voltage of 220V / 110V is not sufficient, even a voltage source of 500V not, as it is often set up on construction sites. Rather, the voltage is supplied by an on-site mobile energy unit that generates the voltage with a number of series connected lithium batteries with sufficiently thick power cables so that a high amperage current can be sent through the SMA flat steel. The heating should be done only for a short time, so that you within 2 to 5 seconds throughout the necessary temperature of about 100 ° to 250 ° in the SMA flat steel 2 achieved and thus generates its contractile force. This prevents the subsequent concrete from being damaged. Two conditions have to be met, firstly about 10-20 A per mm 2 cross-sectional area and secondly about 10-20 V per 1 m flat steel length in order to achieve the state of flat steel as austenite within seconds. The batteries must be peeled in series. The number, the size and the type of batteries must be selected accordingly, so that the required current (ampere) and the required voltage (volts) are available, and the energy reference must be controlled by a controller, so at the touch of a button - tuned to a certain flat steel length and flat steel thickness, for exactly the right period of time the flat steel is under tension and the necessary current flows. For long flat steels of several meters, heating can be done in stages by providing power connections after certain sections where the voltage can then be applied. In this way, in sections - one section after the other over the entire length of a flat steel, the heat required can be used to finally put the entire length in the state of an austenite.
    digits directory
    [0031]<tb> 1 <SEP> Pulling element, flat steel<tb> 2 <SEP> Structure, component<tb> 3 <SEP> Electrical connections<Tb> 4 <September> end anchorages<Tb> 5 <September> corners<tb> 6 <SEP> End area of the tension element or flat steel<tb> 7 <SEP> Component, cantilevered<Tb> 8 <September> Bolt<tb> 9 <SEP> Lock nut to screw 8<tb> 10 <SEP> rings, overlapping areas<Tb> 11 <September> Silo<Tb> 12 <September> intermediate anchoring<tb> 13 <SEP> Hook on the end of the flat steel<Tb> 14 <September> steel connector elements<Tb> 15 <September> carrier<Tb> 16 <September> Bar<tb> 17 <SEP> Bolt to hook 13<Tb> 18 <September> adhesive
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. A method for producing prestressed structures or components (2) made of concrete or other materials by means of tension elements (1) made of a shape memory alloy, be it new buildings and components or for the reinforcement of existing structures and components, characterized in that at least one tensile element (1) made of a shape memory alloy of polymorphic and polycrystalline structure, which can be brought as austenite by increasing its temperature from its state as martensite to its permanent state, placed on the building or component (2) or running freely on the building or component is applied or this tension element (1) is guided around at least one corner (5), wherein one or more end anchors (4) penetrate into the building or component (2), or if the tension element (1) is a building or component ( 2) one or more times as a band wraps around, in which case the two ends of the tension element (1) mitein either traction be connected to the other or separately with one or more end (4) or intermediate anchors (12), which penetrate into the building or component (1) are connected to the same, or the tension element (1) one or more times for a Jamming overlaps or crosses, and that the tension element (1) contracts due to a subsequent active and controlled heat input with heating means and generates a permanent tension and accordingly a permanent bias and a residual tensile force to the breaking load of the tension element (1) on the building or component (2) generated.
    [2]
    2. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tension elements (1) made of a shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the tension elements (1) are used in strip form as a flat steel, and that when creating anchors by overlaps or intersections the band-shaped tension elements additionally the tension elements crossing bolts are used.
    [3]
    3. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tension elements (1) made of a shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one straight tension element (1) with any cross-sectional profile of a shape memory alloy on a wall of a building or on the outside of a component (2) is laid on, and its two end regions are fixedly connected to the structure or component (2) with one or more end anchors (4) by penetrating these end anchors (4) into the structure or component (2), and thereafter by means of between electrical contacts (3) at the end regions of the tension element (1) a voltage U is applied, so that the tension element (1) is heated due to its electrical resistance and transferred from its state as martensite in a permanent state as austenite, so that the tension element (1) has a permanent tensile stress and a residual tensile force up to the breaking load of the tension element (1) on the building or component (2) and this is introduced at the end anchors (4) in the same (2).
    [4]
    4. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tensile bars made of a shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one tension element (1) as flat steel or with other cross-sectional geometry of a shape memory alloy under one or more curvatures (5 ) is placed on the outside of a building or on the outside of a component (2), and its two end regions (6) with one or more end anchors (4) or additional intermediate anchors (12) firmly connected to the building or component (2) in that these end anchors (4) penetrate into the building or component (2), and then by means of between electrical contacts to the end portions (6) of the flat steel, a voltage is applied so that the flat steel (1) heated due to its electrical resistance and of his status as martensite is transferred to a permanent state as austenite, so that he has a perm Anente tensile stress around the enclosed part of the structure or component (2) exerts, and a residual tensile force to the breaking load of the tension element (1), and this at the end anchors (4) is introduced into the same.
    [5]
    5. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tensile elements of a shape memory alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that at least tension element (1) in the form of a flat steel or a profile with a different cross-sectional geometry of an iron-based shape memory alloy around a component (7) is looped so that the two ends of the tension element (1) overlap and are mechanically zugkraftschlüssig connected to each other, whereby by means of electrical contacts at the end regions of the tension element (1) a voltage is applied, so that the tension element (1) due heated its electrical resistance and is transferred from its state as martensite in a permanent state as austenite, so that the tension element (1) causes a permanent constriction of the component (7).
    [6]
    6. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tensile bars made of a shape memory alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension element (1) is a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy and its two ends are mechanically zugkraftschlüssig interconnected by on the overlapping sides of the end regions (6) intermesh positively and dig into each other.
    [7]
    7. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of tensile bars made of a shape memory alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension element (1) is a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy and its two ends are mechanically zugkraftschlüssig interconnected by by means of at least one screw (8) penetrating it at the overlapping point or, in the case of a clawing by means of end-side hooks (13), with a bolt (17) passing through them.
    [8]
    8. A method for producing prestressed structures or components by means of shape memory alloy tensile bars according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one tensile element (1) in the form of a flat steel made of an iron-based shape memory alloy as a strip around a component (7) is wound so that it overlaps over a range, according to which a voltage is applied by means of between electrical contacts at the end portions of this flat steel strip, so that the flat steel is heated due to its electrical resistance and transferred from its state as martensite in a permanent state as austenite so that the tape causes a permanent constriction of the component (7) and the overlapping region generates sufficient static friction force to obtain the constriction.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the anchoring to the building or component depending on the supporting base thereof by means of one or more of the following fasteners: dowels, expansion dowels, nails, anchors, adhesive anchors, cementitious filled anchor, or by a riveting or screwing,
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in addition to the final anchorage of the tension elements (1) to the structures or components, an adhesion of the tension elements (1) with the support base of the structures or components with an adhesive (18) on epoxy - or PU-based, with tension element are used, which have at least on one side a rough surface to improve the adhesive bond.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end anchorage of the tension element (1) is designed only for the biasing force including a safety margin, so that the initiation of the breaking load of the tension elements (1) in the building or component solely by the hardened bond by means of adhesive (18).
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the end anchorage of the tension elements (10) after curing of the adhesive (18) of the bond is removed.
    [13]
    13. structure or component, prepared according to one of the methods according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one tension element (1) made of a shape memory alloy, which runs along the building or component outside or free running on the building or component is applied and with the same by means of end anchors (4) or in addition a bond by means of adhesive (18) is connected, or the building or component (2) is completely enclosed by the tension element (1) as a band, wherein the two end portions of the tension element (1) are permanently anchored or traction connected, and the tension element (1) is permanently biased by heat input.
    [14]
    14. A structure or component according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one tension element (1) in the form of a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy, the one or more bends (5) along the outside of the building or the component (2 ) and is connected to the same at least by means of end anchors (4) or additionally by means of intermediate anchors (12).
    [15]
    15. Building or component according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one tension element (1) in the form of a flat steel made of a shape memory alloy, which wraps around the component (7) several times as a band and forms overlapping areas, so that he after heat entry causing a permanent constriction of the component (7) and the overlapping regions (10) generate sufficient static friction force for obtaining the constriction.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170314277A1|2017-11-02|
    KR20170125321A|2017-11-14|
    CH710538B1|2018-09-28|
    WO2016096737A1|2016-06-23|
    EP3234277A1|2017-10-25|
    CN107407100A|2017-11-28|
    CN107407100B|2020-02-21|
    CA2971244A1|2016-06-23|
    US10246887B2|2019-04-02|
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    法律状态:
    2016-10-14| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG ERFINDER |
    2017-02-15| PCOW| Change of address of patent owner(s)|
    2017-03-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: DUFOURSTRASSE 116, 8008 ZUERICH (CH) |
    2017-07-31| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG ERFINDER |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01980/14A|CH710538B1|2014-12-18|2014-12-18|Method for creating prestressed structures or components by means of tension elements made of shape memory alloys and building or component equipped therewith.|CH01980/14A| CH710538B1|2014-12-18|2014-12-18|Method for creating prestressed structures or components by means of tension elements made of shape memory alloys and building or component equipped therewith.|
    KR1020177020118A| KR20170125321A|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing prestressed structures and structural parts by means of SMA tension elements, and structure and structural part equipped therewith|
    EP15817138.9A| EP3234277A1|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing prestressed structures and structural parts by means of sma tension elements, and structure and structural part equipped therewith|
    CA2971244A| CA2971244A1|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing prestressed structures and structural parts by means of sma tension elements, and structure and structural part equipped therewith|
    US15/537,295| US10246887B2|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing prestressed structures and structural parts by means of SMA tension elements, and structure and structural part equipped therewith|
    CN201580076856.XA| CN107407100B|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing a prestressed structure and structural component by means of an SMA tension element, and structure and structural component provided with an SMA tension element|
    PCT/EP2015/079607| WO2016096737A1|2014-12-18|2015-12-14|Method for producing prestressed structures and structural parts by means of sma tension elements, and structure and structural part equipped therewith|
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